Plagiarism Policy

The publisher and journal enforce a strict anti-plagiarism policy, employing both Turnitin software and manual reviewer checks to ensure the originality of submitted manuscripts. Before being sent to reviewers, each submission is first checked by Turnitin.

Every manuscript is subjected to a similarity check using Turnitin to uphold high standards of originality in published articles.

Plagiarism Checking Policy:

• Above 85% Originality: The manuscript proceeds to the review process.
• 75% to 85% Originality: Authors are required to verify the accuracy of citations and references.
• Below 70% Originality: The manuscript is rejected.

Plagiarism percentages are initially assessed by software and reviewed manually to confirm results.

Recommendations to Avoid Plagiarism:

• Use quotation marks for verbatim text from sources.
• Maintain the original meaning of quoted text within its context.
• Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes.
• Indicate omissions in quotes with ellipses (space followed by three dots).
• Use brackets to include any added words for clarity.
• Prefer paraphrasing or summarizing to limit direct quotations, ensuring you use your own wording.

Authors are required to obtain copyright permission for any reproduced illustrations, tables, or figures from other sources, with such permissions noted beneath each figure.

Self-Plagiarism

Authors may occasionally produce similar content in multiple publications. Each work retains its copyright, making it crucial to avoid self-plagiarism. Editors and reviewers consider self-plagiarism unethical and expect authors not to reuse their previously published work without proper citation or permission. Acceptable practices include quoting brief excerpts with proper citation or seeking permission to reuse larger sections.